Congenital midureteric obstruction is a rare entity which can be caused by either ureteric valves, strictures or an adynamic segment. When encountered, it is generally misdiagnosed as megaureter or ureteropelvic junction obstruction. A high index of suspicion is required to make a correct pre-operative diagnosis. Antegrade or retrograde urography would clinch the diagnosis. Our patient presented with a history of left loin pain. Investigations suggested mid-ureteric stricture. Resection of stricturous segment and primary ureteroureteric anastomosis was done which relieved the symptoms. Histopathology of excised segment showed muscle fibrosis.

We report a case of intrathoracic kidney that has additional congenital anomalies and an interesting follow up. A 30 month old female patient with history of spinal disraphism, anterior ectopic anus who were followed up for recurrent urinary tract infection by Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy is presented. An interesting observation was noticed in her follow up that the left kidney displaced between two different time point static renal images into the left thorax. To our best knowledge, this is the reported first case of wondering intrathoracic kidney observed in Tc-99m DMSA follow up.

Nephroblastoma in a children younger than 3 months is a very rare condition, comprising less than 2% of cases. The aim of this study is to present a case of nephroblastoma diagnosed in a newborn. Female baby, presented at the urology pediatric service with 70 days newborn. Mother reported increased abdominal volume, which was first noticed at 15 days of life with progressive worsening. CT scanning showed a giant, solid, rounded mass, with smooth margins, originating from the right kidney and displacing the kidney to a posteroinferior position. Total nephrectomy was performed and pathologic examination confirmed nephroblastoma. No neoadjuvant chemoterapy was performed and postoperative vincristin was administered. One year after surgery, patient remains in follow up with the pediatric oncology service and presented no complications or signs of recurrence. Nephroblastoma in newborn is a rare condition, their detection in neonatal period and early infancy must be estimulated and studies focused on the possibility of congenital presentations must still be made.

Canal of Nuck cysts/hydroceles are rare occurrences in females of all age groups. We describe a case of a female neonate presenting with a labial mass which sonographically resembled a testicle. Upon surgical exploration, it was found to be a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. We also review the literature on canal of Nuck cysts/hydroceles in the pediatric age group.

Simple intratesticular cysts (SIC) are rare in infancy. There is a paucity of data with regards to management. Concern for malignancy often prompts the pediatric urologist to perform a radical orchiectomy which may impact endocrine function and fertility potential later in life. Recently, there has been a movement towards testis-sparing surgery for SIC. Herein, we describe a case of a 7-month-old infant who presented to pediatric urology clinic with left intraparenchymal SIC that was treated with a testis-sparing approach. In summary, this case report supports the use of testis-sparing surgery for management of preoperatively well-defined SIC.

Paraurethral cysts (PC) or Skene’s duct cysts are rare cause urogenital masse in females, particularly in newborn or infant. It arise from obstruction of Skene’s ducts and diagnosis is usually easy by physical examination. The management of PC is controversial, it can be conservative or surgical. Non regression of cyst after 6 months of following or difficulty in excretion of urine was the indication for surgery. We report two cases of paraurethral cyst in female infant treated by surgical procedure.

A 16 year old previously well boy presented with voiding difficulty that progressed to intermittent retention over a two month period. A renal ultrasound showed a structure consistent with a utricular remnant behind the base of the bladder that endoscopically appeared to terminate in the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra as a cystic, enlarged verumontanum. Following an uneventful endoscopic fulguration of the anterior wall, the boy remained catheterized overnight. The following day the catheter was removed at the time of a radiologic study of the lower urinary tract, which showed a dilated posterior urethra, but no reflux into the tubular retro-vesical structure that was noted to have emptied on a post-operative ultrasound.